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It All Started With Mud Pies
Kathleen Howe


In search
of the true meaning...
In my efforts to find an article that describes the true meaning or feelings of disgust for all of you, I'm sorry to say that I've come up short of what I truly wanted you
all to understand about that word, "disgust."
There's many an article describing the reasons for feeling disgusted, such as child abuse, overeating, unacceptable substances we're faced with in our daily world, but not how horribly dark the feeling of being disgusted truly is.
Since I've been disgusted with myself for most of my
life, I thought I might take a stab at describing my own feelings of disgust. Although you may see "notes" from me throughout
the websites, this is my first stab at actually trying to write an article concerning an emotion or feeling.
I truly believe that this challenge is worth the effort
since the feeling of disgust is felt by so many
people today. It's not a pleasant feeling. It's not easy to let go of either.
As a very
small child, one of my favorite pastimes was making mud pies. I had many fun
quiet afternoons in the shade of the big tree in my grandparent's backyard, pouring water into small tin pie pans, mixing
in just the right amount of dirt & stirring until thick & sturdy.
If you can picture the scene in your mind, you might think of a blond, curly haired, peach cheeked little girl of 5 years old with wide brown eyes full of wonder & very light
eyebrows that expressively moved with each measurement of water & dirt.
Perhaps I had been dressed smartly in a white sleeveless sundress, decorated
with little red hearts upon the yoke that had been hand smocked with small even gathers. Those of you familiar with "Polly
Flinders," would recognize my wardrobe.
My grandmother set out a wooden pale blue table & matching chair for
me to cook on. She has "special"
equipment for my very unique talents in mud pie making, a flour sifter, the small tin pie
plates left over from pot pies & of course, a very special real silver spoon for stirring. She did however bow down to a measure of safety when it came to my measuring cup & bowl, not allowing me to use
her glass Pyrex, they weren't plastic though; which I'd always hated the texture of, they were melamine.
It twasn't the thought of eating one of those deliciously sun-baked mud pies that would make one
think of something, "disgusting," it was what was considered a horrible problem in clean up after my
wonderful delectables were finished!
Those of you who are baby boomers may have heard of this dilemma I faced,
"dirty fingernails" after making mud pies!
My dainty little fingernails that had been cut & filed religiously
were filled with the most essential ingredient in mud pies; dirt! At the
tender age of 5 years, I found that the easiest way of extracting that dirt was to bite my fingernails, tearing off the tops
so the dirt would easily slide off my fingertips when I washed my hands!
It was my first exposure to the word, "disgusting"
once my Grandma saw me concentrating on biting off my pinky fingernail. The first thing that drew my instant attention to
my Grandmother was the tone of her voice as she grabbed my little hands & said, "Don't bite your nails!"
I had never heard that tone of voice out of
her before. It made me stand up straight & pay attention to her immediately. It was frightening, foreign & not nice at all. It was almost the same tone of voice I had heard from my father when he
had been forced to change my brother's dirty diaper. It was a low, earnest, forbidding tone of voice that I certainly
didn't like.
"Dirt
has worm eggs in it & when you bite your fingernails, you're eating worm eggs.... do you want to eat worm eggs? Worm eggs
are disgusting!" she sneered. (Did that mean that I was disgusting? Somehow I got that
feeling. It was a shameful & uncomfortable feeling nonetheless.)
The tone of her voice as well as the words she was saying made me
feel as though I'd done something very wrong. I felt small, tiny like the shrinking Alice
in Wonderland, horribly choked up & visibly upset. I imagined I had disappointed my own Grandmother & I couldn't imagine anything worse than that. She was my most beloved caretaker.
I certainly remembered each word out of my Grandmother's mouth that day.
I remembered the tone of her voice. I understood how disgusting it would be to eat worm eggs.
I didn't want to make her unhappy with me or make her sick by biting my fingernails ever again. She obviously wasn't happy with me over what I had done. I didn't like it when she was unhappy with me. It almost never happened before that day.
She had always spoken to me in a pleasantly soft & loving voice. It made an impression on me. She had told me, "Eating worm eggs is a disgusting habit."
I believed that she was inferring that
I was disgusting because I
had bitten off the tops of my fingernails, ingesting
worm eggs.
I didn't hear that tone of voice again in my lifetime until I was in puberty.
I'd always been very slim as a child & when my body began to change, my mother would always reprimand me by repeating over & over, in that same demeaning tone of voice my Grandmother had used that afternoon, "Stand up straight or you'll look fat & your butt will look
big."
My mother was obviously upset with me for looking fat & having a big
butt, I thought; or was she stating that I was fat & that I
had a big butt that was fat? The way all kids always seem to acquire their beliefs thru listening to what their parents say & believing them because they would never lie to you about anything; I began to believe that I looked
horrible. I felt as though I looked fat & my butt was
the size of a garage right from the beginning of my teen years. I began to believe that I looked disgusting. I also believed that it really bothered my mother.
Does my mother realize that she has been the cause of my lifetime belief that I look disgusting? Not a chance of it.
She was trying to teach me about good posture. It was probably the same thing her own mother had said to her. Her own mother,
my Grandmother, had probably used that same tone of disgust in her voice when she told my mother about bad
posture. It was like talking about "mud pies & worm eggs."
From hearing this description of my body, over & over throughout my
teen years, I formed a picture in my mind of what I looked like & I saw that picture in my mind every time I looked
into a mirror - fat with a big butt.
I knew that there was something wrong with looking like I did because of
the tone of disgust I had heard in my mother's voice. It made me believe that I looked disgusting. I've fought with this image my entire life.
Soon, as clothes became an important part of my life, I rejected dressing in a fashionable manner. I refused to go shopping with my mother, if at all possible, because
not only did I have to hear her say, "Stand up straight or you'll look fat & your butt will
look too big," while modeling the clothes she wanted to buy for me....
I had to then face the added music, which was of the same disgusting tone of voice, hearing, "No, we can't get you that because you have the wrong body
for that kind of pants or dress....." or something else like, "You're so short that we can't
find anything to fit you..." or "If your butt wasn't so big, those pants would fit you fine."

I was disgusted with myself. It was a lonely, dark & shameful
way to feel & look. My earliest avoidance behaviors began then when I formed the habit of avoiding all mirrors.
The only thing that I liked about myself was my face & my hair. In
every picture that was taken of me, I'd think to myself of how disgusting I looked with that fat body & big butt.
In reality, I was a perfectly normal weight & size. I just wasn't built tall & slender like my mother.
If my mother ever told me that I looked nice, I don't remember it.
That disgusted tone in her voice, measuring
me up, comparing me to the disgusting worm eggs beneath my fingernails, soon began to make my mouth water, like just before you vomit.
I felt depressed, anxious & so sorry for making my mother be so disgusted with me. I soon felt that
she didn't love me because I was so disgusting.
It got to the point that all I heard was that tone in her voice
that said she was disgusted with me....
To make a very long story much shorter, I offer you these questions...
What do you think happened to me when the first upper classman told me that I had a beautiful butt?
What kind of reaction do you think I had to that remark?
What kind of clothes did I begin to wear when the guys began to call me,
"sexy?"
What do you think happened when I began to believe that the only people that loved me & thought I was pretty were the guys at school?
I believed them all right. I believed that they wanted to spend time with me, that they liked me for who I was & that there may be a possibility
that if I needed positive attention, I'd only get it from guys.
Thus, my first love when I was in the 8th grade was a junior boy in high school. He made me feel pretty. He made me feel loved. He accepted me as I was. I wanted to do anything he wanted to please him. I felt happy when I was with him.
And while I felt happy when I was with my boyfriend, there was still
an empty feeling in the pit of my stomach. There was also an ache in my heart, a longing for my own mother's approval of my
body & me. I could not feel satisfied with my body, it still disgusted me. I still couldn't look in a full-length mirror. I still wanted
more than anything to hear my mother say, "I love you just the way you are." I would have settled for, "I love you." It never
happened though. The disgust I felt was as deep as the ocean causing me to become depressed. I was in so much mental anguish. I began to make very
poor decisions.
Disgust.
A deep abyss of hatred towards yourself. Feeling as though you wanted to get out of your own skin & be someone else. I listened to the radio station from Boston on Sunday nights that talked about the prostitutes & their tragic plight, I could identify
with them & wondered if they felt loved when they sold their bodies. I knew I was as worthless as they felt. I fell asleep many Sunday nights, listening to those radio shows & thinking about it all. I wondered if those prostitutes kept doing it because they felt loved from having all that sex. I was so naive. I was so confused.
Disgust. How could I tolerate looking at myself for the rest of my life? I couldn't change my body shape. I felt despair. There was nothing I could do. I was destined to look horrible, disgusting & unacceptable to my mother. I began to have suicidal ideations. I wanted to die.
Disgust. I thought about cutting myself. Long before I realized that it was a method of coping, long before I knew anyone else ever thought of doing it, I scraped a razor blade over my skin. Wanting to release the misery I felt inside, I needed to cut open my skin. I was chicken though. Just another horrible thing about me, I thought, but I did it. I cut my skin across my wrists, not really deeply, just enough to raise blood up over my skin...
I watched it. Then I got really scared. I put some rags around my arm because we didn't have any bandaids. I remember lingering around in the hallway at school
by the nurse's office. I wanted to tell her that I wanted so badly to kill myself, but I didn't.
Disgust.
I began to smoke cigarettes, a disgusting habit.
I began to abuse alcohol, another disgusting habit. I smoked pot - well that was just wrong & I began to have
sex, confusing sex with the love that I needed to feel so badly from my parents - the love that I longed for..... At 16, I got pregnant, like other disgusting girls did.
I began to hide food underneath my bed because I was so hungry. I had
this craving for hot pastrami subs. I had a friend (guy friend) who always wanted to buy me lunch so I let him. He would buy
me a pastrami sub for lunch after school and then he'd walk me home. I'd take the remainder of the sub that I didn't eat which
was usually most of it & hide it under my bed. I'd get up in the night out of a sound sleep & eat it. This was an
escalation of my night eating habits, which before had been limited to eating handfuls of homemade cookies, pies, cakes or white bread & butter before
that.
My mother forced me to have an abortion. It was the most disgusting thing that ever happened to me. Abortion was still illegal in New Hampshire, which forced her to take me to Boston,
Mass General Hospital, for the abortion.
I begged her to let me have the baby. I wanted the baby. I wanted that
baby because I wanted someone to love me unconditionally, big butt & all. I can identify with those teenage girls of today who think that they want a baby. What they really want is unconditional love from their parents, but they're not getting it.
And then I heard that tone of voice again....disgusting disgusting disgusting....
One night I was crying in my bed, a few days before the abortion. I was
so upset. I was simply inconsolable. My mother had heard me & for the first time in my life, she came to me when she heard
me sobbing. She asked me what was wrong & once again I pleaded with her to not make me have the abortion. Her response,
"I refuse to let you ruin your life by having a child."
Mud pies, worms,
big butts, fat body & now........ she had ruined her
life by having children. Disgust can make you feel invisible in the end or wish that you were.
I felt my misery was invisible as I followed my mother down the cold gray hallways of Mass General Hospital. I felt invisible as the nurse
explained to me that I'd have to have an internal examination before I went to surgery. I felt disgusting as
the female doctor admonished me for getting pregnant as she pried open my legs to do whatever it was she had to do to me.
No one had explained any of it. The doctor made some crude & confusing joke up about the fact that I was still wearing knee socks & I was pregnant, imagine that....
As I laid on the hospital bed, in an ugly green hospital gown, with only my socks on, I listened to a woman hear the news that she had breast cancer. The disgusting sounds that emerged from her throat I'll
never forget. It was horrible, undeniably painful, almost unbearable pain that was emerging from deep inside her. She was
quite obviously horrified. I didn't know that you could lose a breast to cancer back then. I didn't know anything except that
I was a disgusting person.
When they took me to surgery, I heard another girl screaming loudly. This
hospital scene was scaring me to death. My body was shaking, my leg with entwined together, stiffly shaking beneath the white
sheet. My hands were freezing cold, they were stiff, unmoving. I asked the nurse what was wrong with her as I caught a very
quick glimpse of her swollen belly, naked to all who passed by, her body draped in the ugly green color of the hospital, a
silver pail at the foot of her hospital bed, her legs in those stirrup things...
The nurse informed me that the girl had waited too long to decide on an
abortion & now she had to go thru labor because she waited so long. She had to be induced by drugs. I didn't know
what any of that meant. All I realized at that very moment was, I really had never thought about how babies were born. I instantly recalled seeing that pail at the foot of her bed, thinking & picturing in my mind the disgusting scene of seeing her baby fall into that pail. I was horrified. It had
only been a few months before having sex for the first time that I thought a woman needed a doctor to operate to get the babies out of their mommy's stomachs.
I felt like a disgusting piece of garbage as the doctor
& nurses admonished me by ridicule as they performed my abortion with no pain medication. That's what disgusting 16 year old girls who get pregnant deserve they
told me. I cried & cried. I couldn't stop crying for days. I'd been humiliated, degraded, demeaned & now was thoroughly disgusted with myself.
That's the childhood base of the feelings of disgust that I've felt for myself before advancing
into my adult years.
I simply can't put into words the intensity of the feelings of disgust that have haunted me, plaguing me with insecurity, mental illness, abuse & so many other horrible situations.
I still struggle with knowing that I'm unconditionally loved by anyone.
I still don't look in full-length mirrors.
I still don't go clothes shopping.
I'm almost 48 years old now.
Recently my adult, 27 year old daughter informed me that she was in tears
because my mother made her model some new clothes she had bought for her. My mother had forced her to zip up her pants on
one of those "bloated" pms days. She told me, "Mom, I knew exactly how you used to feel." I felt
so helpless to console her.
Disgust..... it's a deep trough of misery that grows deeper & uglier with time. It engulfs you, makes you invisible & wreaks havoc on your
life.... I'm working myself out of it, but it's a long track back to mud pies &
worm eggs.



How are
sexually abused children affected?
The most important factor regarding the effects of sexual abuse on a child is how the child perceives that abuse & the response of the adults in the child's life.
Some children understand that the abuse is about the offender & not about them. They're able to integrate the abuse experience & go on with life with little disruption.
Most children are dependant upon the adults in their life to tell them that they weren't wrong, that it was the offender who broke the rules & it's the offender
who is in trouble, not them. When a child tells about sexual abuse & isn't believed & is blamed or shamed, the effects can be devastating.
Answer provided by M. Elizabeth Ralston, Ph.D.
Executive
Director, Lowcountry Children's Center
A variety of behavioral
& emotional problems may occur when a child has been abused. However, it's important to remember that children who have been sexually abused may not demonstrate any observable symptoms or problems.
This doesn't mean that their experiences weren't abusive. In addition, we know that children are likely to develop normally & experience minimal problems
if they receive support from caregivers.
It's also recommended that children who have been sexually abused receive appropriate interventions from health providers w/training specific to child sexual abuse. This will reduce the likelihood of developing long-term problems.
Answer provided by Rochelle Hanson, Ph.D. &
Samantha P. Suffoletta-Maierle, Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychology - The National Crime Victim's Research & Treatment
Ctr. Medical University of South Carolina




How are sexual abuse adult survivors affected?
The impact of child sexual abuse may be different for each individual. Certainly there are individuals who've been victims of childhood sexual
abuse & have managed their victimization in a manner that has resulted in little negative impact.
However, due to the fact that child sexual abuse happens to children & the offenders are usually powerful people in the child's life, the potential for negative effects is high.
In addition, many victims creatively figure out how to survive the horror
of childhood sexual abuse. The fact is whatever behavior or method a child uses to survive, the outcome is that they've survived.
As the child victim grows up, sometimes the behaviors that they developed
to survive as a child begin to get in the way of their adult functioning.
i.e., to manage the fear or pain of sexual abuse, a child may stop feeling. This survival behavior works for the child, but when the child grows up & is safe from sexual abuse, not feeling can become a problem as it limits the survivor's ability to fully experience their life.
When you stop bad feelings, you also tend to stop good good feelings. Survivors may want to seek treatment to undo their earlier survival behavior of not feeling & begin allowing themselves to experience their feelings.
Another example may be that the child avoids others due to not being able to trust. This may be a good survival behavior for the child who is being victimized, but if carried into adulthood limits the survivor's potential for emotional closeness with others.
Survivors who believed that the abuse was their fault may feel guilty & have a sense of not being okay as a person.
Feeling negative & bad about oneself may result in feeling depressed & at the extreme may lead to thoughts of suicide.
Feeling bad about oneself may also
lead to negative behaviors that result in negative feedback from others. i.e., if a survivor believes that they're bad, they may do bad things that causes others to tell them that
they're bad.
This may seem like an oversimplification, but individuals do act based
on what they believe about themselves & those actions then reinforce what they believe.
Many survivors feel angry about being victimized.
Children who are victimized often have little opportunity to learn how to identify or respond to their feelings of anger.
They may be smart enough to know that exhibiting anger isn't safe. This learning
then interferes with the management of anger during adulthood. Survivors deserve to feel angry about being sexually abused.
They also deserve to learn behaviors that allow them to express their
anger in a manner that doesn't get them in trouble or doesn't harm them. i.e., acting out anger by hitting others may put the survivor at risk with law enforcement.
The survivor deserves to learn new behaviors such as how to verbally express
anger that doesn't create risk.
Some victims believe that if they're perfect that no one will know that they've been sexually abused. Their effort to keep others from knowing of their victimization is usually in response to feeling that they'll be blamed or shamed if others know.
Although achieving & doing well may be a positive outcome of having been victimized, victims don't deserve
to believe that their value is based only on their positive achievement.
Survivors may have tried to protect themselves by "getting away." This may have resulted in their actual running away or in the use of drugs or alcohol to "get away" from the reality of their abuse. These behaviors may have worked at some level for the victim, but may interfere with their life,
which suggests a need to reevaluate
Survivors who feel like "damaged goods" may feel inadequate & not worthy of close relationships. Those who believe that the abuse was the result of their physical appearance may develop eating disorders or purposefully make themselves less attractive in an effort to protect themselves from the sex offender.
Survivors who were taught by the offender that sex was a way to get attention & be close may have learned to use sex as an adult. This may result in sexual promiscuity without emotional intimacy.
Whatever survival behaviors were developed by the child sexual abuse victim, survivors deserve to honor the fact that they have survived & deserve an opportunity to decide what of those behaviors they want to
keep & what behaviors they may want to change.
This process offers the survivor an opportunity to move into a more powerful proactive position in their life. Answer provided by M.
Elizabeth
Ralston, PhD Executive Director, Lowcountry Children's Center
In general, the severity of the aftereffects of sexual abuse on the victim depends on a variety of characteristics.
These include:
- the duration & frequency of the incest
- the type of sexual activity
- the use of force or aggression
- the age at onset
- the age, gender & relationship of the
perpetrator
- passive submission or willing participation
on the part of the child
- overt or disclosed incest with lack of assistance
- parental reaction & institutional response
Initial incest aftereffects & their symptoms develop at the time of the abuse or shortly thereafter. They may be transient & remit over time spontaneously or w/assistance of some sort.
Alternatively, as the child develops they may persist & become long-term or may develop in delayed fashion.
Long-term
aftereffects & their symptoms are defined as those which develop 2 years or more post-abuse. They may be chronic manifestations of acute aftereffects or develop
in a delayed fashion.
These
effects can be categorized into the following groups:
- emotional reactions
- self-perceptions
- physical & somatic
- sexual functioning
- interpersonal relating
- social effects
Emotional Reactions
Sexual
Functioning
- socially & sexually withdrawn or indiscriminately
sexually active
- difficulty engaging in sexual activities within a committed intimate relationship
- potentially influences sexual development in a variety
of ways
- sexual problems such as desire disorders, arousal disorders, orgasmic disorders, coital pain, frequency & satisfaction
difficulties
Self-Perceptions
Interpersonal
Relating
- difficulty trusting
others, especially others whose gender is the same as their abuser
- relationships characterized as one-way, empty, superficial, guarded, idealized or conflicted
- tendency to feel trapped
within intimate relationship & unable to allow closeness beyond a certain point
- although men may be feared, may seek out a dominant or older man who will take care of her & protect her, or an immature partner who requires her attention but gives little in return, or she'll end up in another abusive relationship
- conflicted relationships w/parents & siblings, especially if incest was of the nuclear family type
- difficulties with persons perceived as authority figures
- problems in parenting
Physical/Somatic
- related to the negative feelings
- feeling betrayed & disgusted by their bodies
- discomfort, chronic pain & infection often related
to the more trauma specific areas of the body such as breasts, thighs, buttocks, genitals, or genitourinary organs
- gastrointestinal & respiratory effects related to
the locus of the assault such as nausea, gagging, vomiting & choking reactions
- rectal discomfort, pain, hemorrhoids, constipation &
diarrhea are associated w/anal trauma
- generalized physical effects such as migraine headaches,
tempero-mandibular jaw (TMJ), high blood pressure, frozen joints, ringing in the ears, hyper alertness & hyper-vigilance
Social
Effects
- isolation, rebellion & antisocial behavior or
- over functioning & compulsive social interaction
- mistrust & rebellion against any authority or organization
perceived as oppressive
- lack of faith or trust in a loving deity & an unwillingness to accept a male god &/or religion oriented towards & dominated by males
- impaired ability to function well occupationally &
socially or
- pattern of successful
school, social & occupational functioning characterized by pleasing behavior & caretaking of the needs of others
- much more likely to experience re-victimization
both inside & outside the family (than non-victims)
From: Healing
the Incest Wound by Christine Courtois Answer provided by Deborah Marcet, Psy.D Specializing in therapy w/adult survivors
of trauma
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Disgust
One doesn't usually equate the word "disgust" with positive action. And yet properly channeled, disgust can change a person's life.
The person who feels disgusted has
reached a point of no return. He or she is ready to throw down the gauntlet at life & say, "I've had it!"
That's what I said after many humiliating experiences at age 25. I said, "I don't want to live like this anymore.
I've had it with being broke. I've had it with being embarrassed & I've had it with lying."
Yes,
productive feelings of disgust come
when a person says, "Enough is enough."
The
"guy" has finally had it with mediocrity. He's had it with those awful sick feelings of fear, pain & humiliation. He then decides he's not going to live like this anymore.
Look out! This could be the day that turns a life around. Call it what you will, the "I've had it" day, the "never again" day,
the "enough is enough" day. Whatever you call it, it's powerful! There is nothing so life-changing as gut-wrenching disgust!
read the article this excerpt came from: Disgust, Decision, Desire, Resolve. Can using & directing these emotions positively change your life?
by Jim Rohn by clicking here.
A moveable feast
Professor Mary Douglas argues that it's more important to ask what kind of social organization produces strong disgust responses than to argue about whether disgust is innate or learnt.
There are two different angles on the subject. The biologists adopt an evolutionary
angle: they emphasise the genetic basis - humans are born with feelings of disgust. People are universally disgusted by slimy, smelly & putrefying things.
The
biologist’s view is highly plausible: excrement is slimy, smelly & disgusting & there could be survival value for the organism that rejects anything that looks like it. If humans are endowed with primal disgust, it
protects them from the risks of disease from infected bodies.
What's your poison?
The anthropologists respond by asking about dirt-loving babies. Very small infants pop anything
into their mouths. They have to be trained to leave excrement alone. So what price instinct?
The psychologist responds with research that establishes the age at which spontaneous
disgust emerges. Is it by the age of two? By that age children have
become cautious all round, so it's one up to the early training & says nothing about genetic influence.
Anthropologists further deny that everyone feels disgust at the same things. Some people actually like eating
slimy worms & grubs. And remember Herodotus’ story about the Greeks who habitually burnt their dead on funeral pyres & who expressed utter disgust at the idea
of eating their parents’ dead bodies & the other people who customarily ate their parents & expressed horror
at the idea of burning them.
Most of the anthropologists’ arguments rest on the use of disgust to enhance a ceremony. But, says the biologist, we aren't talking about religions, which operate on a totally different
level.
Children have been trained all their lives to avoid eating certain things, then come the rites of initiation into adulthood & they're commanded to do the forbidden things.
Rituals often counter-train against innate intuitions & against some original training: ‘Now you're a man, control your disgust, deal with your pain, deal with blood & vomit, be prepared to kill.’
It's hardly evidence against a universal snake phobia if many religions worship spirits in snake form. If spit is a gesture of blessing in parts of Africa it doesn't prove there's
no universal disgust at spittle.
Survival is not enough
But what does it matter? We can agree that there may be a gene that gives a beneficial sense of
primal disgust & also that culture directs & controls these feelings & that many rituals play upon these emotions. So, where do we go from here?
The biological theory concerns some
disgust, but not all. Focused on the one evolutionary benefit from avoiding faeces its model of the genetic system is untidily triggered by one-to-one reactions. If it's a question of instinct, not
of reasoning, do animals feel disgust?
Are carrion eaters, like jackals, hyenas & vultures, biologically equipped to deal w/the lethal
diseases to which their diet exposes them? Do they avoid putrefying flesh? Do hyenas eat dead hyenas? Do dirty feeders have a shorter expectation of life?
If not, the biologists’ argument from survival is less convincing. Do hungry carnivorous
animals eat their own dead?
What about dung? Hares eat their own droppings - instead of having several stomachs like sheep
& cows, they digest in two goes: first they eat tough vegetable stuff, then they defecate; then they turn round &
eat it all again, thus extracting the last element of nutrition. Does this habit expose them to the diseases from which our
primal disgust is alleged to protect us?
Mind & body
Back
to the psychology:
I see, touch
or smell something, I feel disgust, I want to throw up, my body shakes, I vomit. Revulsion involves the whole
mind-body relation.
Isolating, disgust
as one kind
of feeling seems old-fashioned theorizing. Such a violent physical response needs a systemic explanation. The disgusting object isn't physically dangerous. We ought to keep open the possibility that disgust responds to some comprehensive assault.
Worker bees busily remove dirt
from the hive, that is they collect & push out the excrement. Is this behavior triggered by disgust?
The grubs themselves are pretty
disgusting. Do the workers sometimes push out the grubs with the dirt?
If their
task
is just to clear a certain limited floor, they'd simply be removing matter out of place.
This approach doesn't privilege
a chain of reasoning from object to intellectual recognition. It assumes that every living thing has some knowledge of its body in space & time & of the surrounding boundary
markers, smells & colors, for safety & danger. Then disgust would respond to a threat to the known, predictable, order.
Disgust protects the subjects capacity to organize its universe. This
would be the genetic infrastructure for particular phobias & universal feelings. Matter out of place is a good description of the dirt reaction. It allows for local variation as the system of possible
right places for things depends on what's being organized & what classifications are being used.
Ask the right question
This turns the research agenda
on its head. The learning process takes priority. To examine individuals for reactions that might be learned or might be inherited
is less interesting than seeking to know what kind of social organization trains the individual human to respond with more
or less powerful disgust reactions.
Some people's eating is governed
by complicated rules about what food goes with what & what food has to come first or last, what can be offered to guests,
what can be eaten on Sundays. Do such structured food environments predispose people to disgust?
Or do they overcome it,
like rituals that overcome innate dispositions? Do people digest better if disgust doesn't intervene?
Instead of looking at what's supposed
to inspire disgust, the research would focus on how disgust reactions
are
controlled.
from the anatomy of digust
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Eating Disorder: Binge Eating Disorder
Binge Eating Disorder is characterized by an often secretive cycle of binge eating.
Primary Features:
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating.
An episode of binge eating is characterized by eating a large amount of food & feeling out of control while eating (e.g., a feeling that one can't stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).
The binge eating episodes are characterized by at least 3 of the following:
Associated Features:
Physical Characteristics:
- Possible weight gain &/or
obesity
- Abdominal pain; stomach upset
- Weight fluctuations due to
experimentation w/various diet plans
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Fatigue
Behavioral Characteristics:
- Binge eating
- Trying numerous diet plans
- Secretive eating
- Intense food cravings
- Eating very small portions
in public
Relapse Signs
On your journey to recovery you'll
experience good days & bad days. Recovery takes a lot of time & hard work. It's
important that you recognize the "warning signs" of a relapse.
If you're able to recognize that this is happening, it's important that you share this with those helping you.
You may not want to admit to those helping you that you're experiencing a relapse for fear that you may disappoint them or that they may get angry with you. I can assure you that will not happen.
They're there to help you & they'll appreciate your honesty. Many people experience periods of relapse during recovery. It's during this
time that you must rely on your support systems to
help you get thru this.
Below is a list of warning signs that may indicate that you're experiencing a relapse. If you're experiencing any of
these signs, I would urge you to speak to your therapist about it.
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